Sudan's Civil War Intensifies as El Fasher Falls to RSF

Strategic Insights -

Fighting in Sudan between the military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has reached a critical juncture, with El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur's state, falling into the hands of the RSF after the withdrawal of the national army. The city's capture marks a significant turning point in the two-and-a-half-year civil war, exacerbating fears of a devastating humanitarian catastrophe. The RSF, led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, now controls most of western Sudan, including the vast and resource-rich Darfur region. The development has heightened global concern over Sudan's dire humanitarian situation, with reports of civilian killings and widespread destruction.

Key Takeaways:

  • The capture of El Fasher by the RSF marks a decisive shift in the balance of power in Sudan, with the group now controlling nearly all of western Sudan, including the Darfur region.
  • The conflict has resulted in more than 30,000 reported deaths since 2023, with independent monitors suggesting the actual toll may be far higher.
  • Over 30 million people in Sudan require urgent assistance, including 9.6 million displaced and nearly 15 million children struggling to survive.
  • The international community has described Sudan's situation as one of the world's "most severe" humanitarian crises, with the UN warning of a worsening humanitarian calamity.
  • The RSF's control in western Sudan grants them significant leverage in future ceasefire talks, with analysts warning of a potential expansion of the war into eastern Sudan.
  • The Sudanese authorities report at least 2,000 civilians killed by RSF forces since their seizure of the city, with power and water systems collapsed, and hospitals looted or destroyed.

Statistics:

  • Over 30 million people in Sudan require urgent assistance (UN).
  • 9.6 million people have been displaced within Sudan (UN).
  • Nearly 15 million children are struggling to survive in Sudan (UN).
  • More than 30,000 people have been killed since fighting broke out in 2023 (UN estimates).
  • At least 61,000 people died in Khartoum State alone, according to a British study released in 2024.
  • Over 2,000 civilians have been killed by RSF forces since they seized control of El Fasher (Sudanese authorities).

Sources:

  • Xinhua News Agency, via COMTEX, October 30, 2025.
  • International Crisis Group.
  • United Nations.
  • British study released in 2024.