Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Analysis of Axisymmetric Bullet Reveals Improvements in Design Efficiency

Strategic Insights -

Researchers from the Nanjing University of Science and Technology have conducted a study on the aerodynamic characteristics of axisymmetric bullets, with a focus on optimizing their shape to improve design efficiency. By using a combination of the response surface method and the NSGA-II algorithm, the team was able to identify the optimal shape of the oval head axisymmetric bullet, resulting in a 13.1% reduction in drag coefficient and a 39.5% increase in volume. The study's findings have significant implications for the development of more efficient and effective bullets.

Key Takeaways:

  • The research identified four design parameters that significantly impact the aerodynamic performance and volume of the rotating stable axisymmetric bullet: head length, body length, tail length, and tail angle.
  • The optimization boundary for these four parameters was established using the response surface method, resulting in a sample space of 30 optimization groups.
  • The NSGA-II algorithm was used to conduct optimization analysis on the fitted function, resulting in four response factor combinations on the Pareto boundary, where the drag coefficient was decreased and the bullet volume was increased.
  • The second derivative of the solution set was analyzed to determine the optimal shape of the oval head axisymmetric bullet.
  • The optimized bullet shape resulted in a 13.1% lower drag coefficient and a 39.5% increase in volume compared to the original samples.
  • The method, combining the response surface method with the NSGA-II algorithm, effectively improves the design efficiency of oval head axisymmetric bullet optimization design.

Statistics:

  • 13.1% reduction in drag coefficient for the optimized bullet shape
  • 39.5% increase in volume for the optimized bullet shape
  • 30 optimization groups created using the response surface method
  • 4 response factor combinations obtained on the Pareto boundary using the NSGA-II algorithm
  • 17% decrease in drag coefficient and 18% increase in volume for the optimized bullet shape (compared to the original samples)

Sources:

  • "Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Analysis of Axisymmetric Bullet Based On Response Surface Nsga-ii Algorithm" published in Symmetry, 2025; 17(9): 1448.
  • Mdpi, St Alban-Anlage 66, Ch-4052 Basel, Switzerland
  • Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.