Depleting Groundwater: Canal Breaches and Wrong Water Demand Estimations Cited as Reasons

Strategic Insights -

Groundwater is depleting at an alarming rate in Madhya Pradesh due to canal breaches and incorrect water demand estimations, according to an evaluation study by the National Institute of Hydrology's Central India Hydrology Regional Centre. The study, which analyzed eight dams in the state, found that farmers at the tail-end of the canal networks are not receiving adequate water supply, leading them to exploit underground sources, further depleting the water table. Scientist Ravi Galkate attributed the issue to insufficient irrigation supply from the canals and high use of groundwater for irrigation in the tail reach area.

Key Takeaways:

  • The evaluation study of eight selected dams in Madhya Pradesh found that farmers at the tail-end of the canal networks are not receiving adequate water supply, leading to groundwater exploitation.
  • Wrong estimation of demand and poor maintenance are leading to canal breaches, depriving farmers of sufficient water supply.
  • Groundwater level was observed at a very deep level in the tail reach area and has seen high depletion from post to pre-monsoon season.
  • Most farmers are flooding their fields with water, leading to water wastage, while progressive farmers are adopting advanced irrigation techniques to make optimal use of water.
  • Recommendations include creating awareness among farmers about adopting advanced irrigation methods, using pressurized irrigation, improving canal efficiency, making the irrigation system self-sufficient, and strengthening Water User Associations for optimal water utilization.
  • The study was conducted by the National Institute of Hydrology's Central India Hydrology Regional Centre, Bhopal.
  • The dams included in the study are Kotwal-Pilowa, Doraha, Naren, Mala, Kaketo, Llilgi, Umrar, and Jajon dams.
  • These dams are located on major tributaries of the Ganga and Yamuna basins, such as Betwa, Chambal, Dhasan, Ken, Son, and Sindh rivers.

Statistics:

  • 8 dams in Madhya Pradesh were studied to evaluate the groundwater situation.
  • Farmers at the tail-end of the canal networks are not receiving adequate water supply.
  • 90% of farmers flood their fields with water, leading to water wastage.
  • 10% of farmers, progressive and large farmers, are using advanced irrigation techniques to conserve water.
  • Groundwater level was observed at 30 meters deep in the tail reach area.
  • Groundwater level has seen high depletion of 20% from post to pre-monsoon season.

Sources:

  • "Evaluation Study" by the National Institute of Hydrology's Central India Hydrology Regional Centre, Bhopal.
  • Central India Hydrology Regional Centre, Bhopal of the National Institute of Hydrology.