New Research on Construction Materials Reveals Crucial Factor in 3D Printing Success

Strategic Insights -

Investigators at the Technical University Berlin (TU Berlin) have published a new report detailing their research on the influence of sample preparation on geopolymers composed of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag designed for extrusion-based 3D printing. The study found that the mixing sequence of liquid components plays a critical role in shaping the 3D-printability of geopolymers. Specifically, research revealed that pre-mixing sodium hydroxide with water slows down the geopolymerisation rate, while a homogeneous distribution of liquids accelerates geopolymerisation, making the material unsuitable for printing.

Key Takeaways:

  • The mixing sequence of liquid components is crucial in determining the 3D-printability of geopolymers.
  • Pre-mixing sodium hydroxide with water slows down the geopolymerisation rate, prolonging printability.
  • A homogeneous distribution of liquids accelerates geopolymerisation, making the material unsuitable for printing.
  • Structural condensation of the geopolymer begins as rheological properties shift, rendering the material unsuitable for printing.
  • Optimised mixing strategies impact the suitability of the geopolymer for extrusion-based 3D printing.
  • The research has significant implications for the development of 3D printing technologies and materials.
  • The study was funded by the Government of the Federal State of Berlin.
  • Additional authors for the research include Dietmar Stephan.
  • The research was conducted at the Technical University Berlin (TU Berlin).

Statistics:

  • 22():e04352: The reference number for the research article published in Case Studies in Construction Materials.
  • 2025: The year in which the research was conducted and published.
  • 3D printing: The type of printing technology studied in the research.
  • Geopolymers: The materials used in the study, comprised of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag.
  • Extrusion-based 3D printing: The specific type of 3D printing technology studied in the research.

Sources:

  • The role of mixing sequence in shaping the 3D-printability of geopolymers. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2025,22():e04352.
  • VerticalNews. New Research on Construction Materials Research Described from Technical University Berlin (TU Berlin) (The role of mixing sequence in shaping the 3D-printability of geopolymers).
  • Journal of Engineering. July 7, 2025; p 309.