Positive End-Expiratory Pressure and Atelectasis After Bronchial Blockade One-Lung Ventilation in Infants

Strategic Insights -

Research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) combined with 100% oxygen on atelectasis during emergence from anesthesia after one-lung ventilation (OLV) with a bronchial blocker in infants receiving thoracoscopic lobectomies. The study aimed to assess whether the use of PEEP with 100% oxygen could improve oxygenation and reduce atelectasis in infants undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomies. The researchers conducted a randomized controlled study involving 69 infants in each group, with one group receiving PEEP of 5 to 6 cmH2O combined with 100% oxygen after the removal of the bronchial blocker, and the other group receiving no PEEP but maintaining intraoperative oxygen levels.

Key Takeaways:

  • The study aimed to evaluate the effect of PEEP combined with 100% oxygen on atelectasis during emergence from anesthesia after OLV with a bronchial blocker in infants receiving thoracoscopic lobectomies.
  • The research involved a randomized controlled study involving 138 infants, with 69 infants in each group.
  • There were no significant differences in the preoperative general condition, perioperative hemodynamics, duration of operation, or length of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05).
  • The use of PEEP with 100% oxygen resulted in improved oxygenation, lower alveolar-arterial oxygen differential pressure, and better SpO2 levels at T2 (30 minutes after extubation) compared to the group receiving no PEEP (p 0.05).
  • The oxygenation index and PaO2 level were greater, the alveolar-arterial oxygen differential pressure was lower, and the lowest postoperative SpO2 level within 30 minutes after extubation was better in Group B than in Group A (p < 0.05).
  • The duration of operation ranged from 120 to 250 minutes.

Sources:

  • Positive End-expiratory Pressure and Atelectasis After Bronchial Blockade One-lung Ventilation In Infants: a Randomized Controlled Study. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2025;39(10):2760-2768.
  • Fujian Medical University.
  • Zeng-Chun Wang, Ling-Shan Yu, Xiu-Hua Chen, and Si-Jia Zhou.