Rare Case of Treatment-Related Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Prostate

A recent study has shed light on the rare case of treatment-related large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEPC) of the prostate, highlighting the importance of comprehensive care and multimodal strategies in managing this aggressive subtype of cancer. The case study involved a young patient who developed systemic metastases after undergoing treatment for adenocarcinoma. Researchers from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China, have reported this rare case, providing valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of LCNEPC.

Key Takeaways:

• The patient, a young adult, presented with painless gross hematuria and elevated serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) level of 83.7 ng/ml, which led to a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 4 + 5.
• The patient underwent 12 months of goserelin acetate, rezvilutamide, and six cycles of docetaxel, followed by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and immunotherapy with serplulimab and the EP regimen chemotherapy.
• Immunohistochemical analysis and treatment history revealed a histopathological diagnosis of treatment-related LCNEPC.
• The patient experienced a reduction in size of multiple lymph nodes and lung metastases after six cycles of chemo-immunotherapy.

Statistics:

• The patient was 34 years old.
• The tumor had metastasized to bilateral lungs, bones, and lymph nodes.
• The patient underwent 12 months of hormone therapy.
• The patient received six cycles of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
• After six cycles of chemo-immunotherapy, the patient showed a reduction in size of multiple lymph nodes and lung metastases.

Sources:

• "Treatment-related pure large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate with systemic metastases in a young adult: a rare case report." (Frontiers in Oncology, 2025,15)
• "Frontiers in Oncology" (publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.)
• "Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, Asia" (source of the research)