Indian foreign relations

Chinese foreign relations

India's Pragmatic Shift: From Strategic Autonomy to Hedging in the Face of Internal Vulnerabilities and Regional Pressures

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's foreign policy trajectory has undergone a significant shift from a confident assertion of strategic autonomy to a more pragmatic approach of hedging. This recalibration is driven by internal vulnerabilities, operational gaps in the military, and diplomatic deficits, which have compelled New Delhi to engage