Two-State Solution at Risk of Vanishing Altogether

Strategic Insights -

In a time of high uncertainty and concern, a critical UN conference aims to debate and find solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Despite concerns that the process might "vanish altogether," UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized the importance of keeping the two-state solution alive. The conference, led by Canada, will focus on finding concrete measures for implementation and creating a lasting ceasefire. However, both parties, Israel and Palestine, will not be participating, and the US has expressed reservations.

Key Takeaways:

  • The two-state solution is facing significant challenges, with the UN Secretary-General warning that it may "vanish altogether" due to lack of progress.
  • The conference aims to maintain international consensus on the two-state solution and find concrete measures for its implementation.
  • Israel and Palestine will not be participating in the conference, and the US has expressed reservations about its participation.
  • The conference will focus on finding a lasting ceasefire, immediate humanitarian aid, and the release of hostages and detainees.
  • Efforts to end fighting and secure the release of hostages and detainees must be "anchored in a credible and irreversible political plan."
  • A successful negotiation based on the 1993 Oslo Accords has not been replicated in recent times, highlighting the need for a new framework for discussion.

Statistics:

  • Since the 1993 Oslo Accords, there have been limited substantive agreements between Israel and Palestine.
  • The UN conference was convened as a result of the adoption of a General Assembly Resolution (Resolution ES-10/22) in 2024.
  • 2024 marked the year when international consensus on the two-state solution began to erode.
  • The conference aims to find irreversible steps and concrete measures for the implementation of a Palestinian State.

Sources:

  • United Nations
  • Resolution ES-10/22 (2024)
  • UN Secretary-General Antònio Guterres's address to the Security Council (April 2025)
  • Exchange with the press on 5 June 2025
  • Concept note released ahead of the event
  • Preparatory meeting for the conference held at the UN in May (Quotations from Anne-Claire Legendre, Middle East and North Africa advisor to French President Emmanuel Macron)
  • Preparatory meeting for the conference held at the UN in May (Quotations from Manal bint Hassan Radwan, head of the Saudi Arabian negotiating team)
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