Sign in Subscribe
Epidemiology

Lassa Fever Persists as Public Health Burden in Nigeria

Strategic Insights

— 2 min read

Lassa fever, a highly infectious disease, remains a significant threat in Nigeria, particularly in rural and under-resourced communities. The virus, first identified in 1969, has entrenched itself in the country's epidemiological landscape, with seasonal outbreaks occurring between November and April. Despite interventions, the fight against Lassa fever in Nigeria is far from over. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that approximately 80 percent of Lassa fever cases present mild symptoms, while the remaining 20 percent can escalate to life-threatening conditions. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has reported that 18 states have recorded at least one confirmed case of Lassa fever, with three states - Ondo, Bauchi, and Taraba - accounting for 71 percent of all confirmed cases.

Key Takeaways:

  • Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa virus, primarily transmitted through exposure to contaminated food or household items with infected Mastomys rat urine or feces.
  • The virus can spread from person to person through contact with bodily fluids such as blood, urine, feces, or during sexual activity.
  • Advanced research, increased government commitment, and stronger international collaborations are essential for improved prevention and control strategies.
  • Dr. Kolawole Oladipo, an Associate Professor of Infectious Disease and Genomics, emphasizes the need for sustained investment in diagnostics, community engagement, and health system strengthening.
  • Local research leadership, integrating technology with traditional knowledge, and enforcing relevant health policies are crucial for shifting from repeated outbreaks to long-term control and eventual elimination of the disease.
  • Dr. Ozy Okonokhua highlights the importance of maintaining clean surroundings and properly covering food to break the chain of transmission.
  • Traditional rulers and religious leaders must be actively involved in spreading health information in local languages to ensure better reach and understanding across communities.
  • Ribavirin is most effective when administered in the early stages of the illness, with delayed treatment significantly reducing its efficacy, leading to higher mortality rates.
  • Supportive care, including intravenous fluids and electrolytes, and oxygen therapy, are essential for patients experiencing respiratory distress.

Statistics:

  • 18 states have recorded at least one confirmed case of Lassa fever, spanning 93 local government areas.
  • Three states - Ondo, Bauchi, and Taraba - account for 71 percent of all confirmed cases.
  • Ondo has the highest number of confirmed cases (215) and deaths (27).
  • In 2024, the government inaugurated a task force to develop a Lassa fever vaccine.
  • Prof Ali Pate, Minister of Health and Social Welfare, revealed that the government aims to develop a vaccine in the country, with a dedicated national task force in place.

Sources:

  • World Health Organisation (WHO)
  • Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
  • Dr. Kolawole Oladipo, Associate Professor of Infectious Disease and Genomics at Adeleke University
  • Dr. Ozy Okonokhua, public health expert
  • Prof Ali Pate, Minister of Health and Social Welfare

Read more