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Epidemiology

Rising Fatality Rate from Lassa Fever in Nigeria

Strategic Insights

— 1 min read

As of mid-September 2025, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported a significant increase in Lassa fever-related deaths, reaching 166 fatalities, a 6.6% rise compared to 156 deaths in the same period in 2024. The alarming fatality rate of 18.5% this year, up from 16.9% in 2024, can be attributed to late presentation of cases, high treatment costs, and limited awareness. NCDC's latest situation update highlights the critical need for community engagement, intensified surveillance, and prompt treatment to combat the outbreak.

Key Takeaways:

  • The 2025 Lassa fever fatality rate has increased to 18.5%, a 1.6% rise from 16.9% in 2024.
  • Ondo State accounts for nearly one-third of the total confirmed cases across the country.
  • Five states (Ondo, Edo, Bauchi, Taraba, and Ebonyi) are responsible for almost 90% of the total confirmed cases.
  • The NCDC has deployed 10 Rapid Response Teams to heavily affected states and launched new IPC training modules.
  • The agency has stressed the importance of early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and community engagement to reduce fatalities and control the spread of the virus.
  • Healthcare professionals have been advised to maintain a high index of suspicion for Lassa fever, particularly in endemic regions.

Statistics:

  • 895 laboratory-confirmed cases of Lassa fever were reported across 21 states and 106 local government areas from January to mid-September 2025.
  • The number of confirmed infections decreased by 11.5% compared to the same period in 2024.
  • 166 fatalities were reported from January to mid-September 2025, a 6.6% rise compared to the same period in 2024.
  • The average case fatality rate (CFR) for Lassa fever in Nigeria stands at 18.5% as of mid-September 2025.
  • Five states (Ondo, Edo, Bauchi, Taraba, and Ebonyi) account for nearly 90% of the total confirmed cases.
  • Ondo State alone contributes to one-third of the total confirmed cases nationwide.

Sources:

  • NCDC's official website, Epidemiological Week 37: Sept. 8-14 [1]
  • NCDC's official situation report, published on September 17, 2025 [1]

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