GLP-1 Weight-Loss Drugs May Help Lower Cancer Risk Beyond Weight Loss

A recent study found that the first-generation GLP-1 weight-loss drugs, liraglutide (Saxenda) and exenatide (Byetta), were associated with a 41% lower risk of obesity-related cancers compared to weight-loss surgery. Researchers believe that the GLP-1 drugs' ability to reduce inflammation and other mechanisms may contribute to their cancer-fighting benefits.

Key Takeaways:

• The study analyzed data from over 6,300 people with obesity and type 2 diabetes who received first-generation GLP-1 drugs or underwent weight-loss surgery between 2010 and 2018.
• During an average follow-up of 7.5 years, nearly 300 people developed obesity-related cancer, with the most common cancers being breast, colon, and uterus.
• Despite causing greater weight loss, weight-loss surgeries were associated with a comparable number of cancer cases as GLP-1 drugs.
• The study suggests that GLP-1 drugs may have a direct effect on reducing cancer risk, with a 41% lower risk compared to surgery.
• Researchers speculate that new generation, highly potent GLP-1 drugs may convey an even greater advantage in reducing obesity-related cancer risk, but more research is needed to confirm this and ensure they do not increase the risk for non-obesity-related cancers.

Statistics:

• 6,300 participants were included in the study.
• The average follow-up period was 7.5 years.
• Nearly 300 participants developed obesity-related cancer during the follow-up period.
• The most common cancers were breast (26%), colon (16%), and uterus (15%).
• The first-generation GLP-1 drugs were associated with a 41% lower risk of obesity-related cancers compared to weight-loss surgery.

Sources:

• European Association for the Study of Obesity, news release, May 11, 2025.
• The Cleveland Clinic has more on GLP-1 drugs.