Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as a Potential Novel Arsenal in Cancer Therapy

Genetic modifications play a crucial role in the development of cancer, with histone deacetylases (HDACs) emerging as key enzymes influencing gene expression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are being developed as a novel category of anticancer agents, with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) being the only FDA-approved HDACi for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. These inhibitors have shown selective toxicity toward malignant cells, and their ability to regulate apoptosis-associated genes and synergize with other anticancer agents make them a promising tool in the fight against cancer.

Key Takeaways:

• Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that influence gene expression by removing acetyl groups from histones, leading to chromatin remodeling and transcriptional suppression of key apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory genes.
• Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are a novel category of anticancer pharmacological agents developed to counter the actions of HDACs, inducing cellular consequences such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy.
• SAHA, a currently FDA-approved HDACi for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, has shown selective toxicity toward malignant cells while sparing normal cells.
• HDACis have the potential to synergize with other anticancer agents, including conventional chemotherapies, radiation, inhibitors of DNA methylation, and proteasome inhibitors.
• Researchers at the University of California's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have highlighted the antitumor functions of SAHA and other HDACis in the treatment of cancer.
• The development of HDACis represents a novel approach to cancer therapy, with SAHA being the first FDA-approved HDACi for the treatment of a specific cancer type.

Statistics:

• The University of California's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center has published multiple studies on the antitumor functions of SAHA and other HDACis.
• SAHA has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells.
• The FDA approved SAHA (Zolinza, Vorinostat) for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 2006.
• HDACis have been shown to modulate the expression of apoptosis-associated gene products.
• Researchers estimate that HDACis could potentially be used to treat multiple forms of cancer.

Sources:

• Regulation of apoptosis-associated genes by histone deacetylase inhibitors: implications in cancer therapy. Anti-cancer Drugs, 2010;21(9):805-13.
• Genetics and Apoptosis.
• A.R. Jazirehi, University of California, Dept. of Surgery, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California USA.