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Gamma-Irradiated Salmonella Gallinarum Vaccine Effective Against Fowl Typhoid in Chickens

Strategic Insights

— 2 min read

A team of researchers at the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences in Lahore, Pakistan, has developed a gamma-irradiated Salmonella Gallinarum (g-SG) oral vaccine that elicits robust cellular and humoral immune responses in chickens. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this vaccine in a chicken model, focusing on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and IFN-g production. The research was published in the journal Vaccine.

The study showed that chickens vaccinated with g-SG (Oral) exhibited significantly higher CD4+ T cell response (39.74 %) compared to SG 9R (29.36 %), g-SG (IM) (20.2 %), and F-SG (22.8 %) groups at three weeks post-vaccination. Similarly, CD8+ T cell response was highest in g-SG (Oral) group (28.6 %) versus SG 9R (5.28 %), g-SG (IM) (19.7 %), and F-SG (14.3 %) at 3WPV. IFN-g concentrations were also significantly elevated in g-SG (Oral) group (452.75 pg/mL) when compared with SG 9R (307.5 pg/mL), g-SG (IM) (334 pg/mL), and F-SG (221.75 pg/mL) groups.

Key Takeaways:

  • The gamma-irradiated Salmonella Gallinarum (g-SG) oral vaccine was found to be highly effective in eliciting cellular and humoral immune responses in chickens.
  • The vaccine was shown to provide 100% protection against fowl typhoid with 0% mortality, comparable to SG 9R, while F-SG and g-SG (IM) groups showed 40% and 20% mortality, respectively.
  • The study demonstrated that non-adjuvanted oral g-SG vaccination is an effective strategy against fowl typhoid.
  • The vaccine elicited a significantly higher CD4+ T cell response (39.74 %) compared to other groups.
  • CD8+ T cell response was highest in g-SG (Oral) group (28.6 %) versus other groups.
  • IFN-g concentrations were significantly elevated in g-SG (Oral) group (452.75 pg/mL) compared to other groups.
  • The vaccine was developed from a local field strain and evaluated in a chicken model.
  • Radiation doses ranging from 1.5 to 10 kGy were evaluated to determine the optimal level for inactivating bacterial replication while retaining metabolic activity.

Statistics:

  • 100% protection against fowl typhoid was provided by the g-SG (Oral) vaccine.
  • 0% mortality was observed in the g-SG (Oral) group.
  • 39.74% CD4+ T cell response was elicited by the g-SG (Oral) vaccine.
  • 28.6% CD8+ T cell response was elicited by the g-SG (Oral) vaccine.
  • 452.75 pg/mL IFN-g concentration was observed in the g-SG (Oral) group.
  • 22.8% CD4+ T cell response was elicited by the F-SG vaccine.
  • 5.28% CD8+ T cell response was elicited by the SG 9R vaccine.
  • 221.75 pg/mL IFN-g concentration was observed in the F-SG group.

Sources:

  • [1] Gamma-irradiated Salmonella Gallinarum oral vaccine elicits robust cellular and humoral immune responses in a chicken model. Vaccine, 2025;65:127833.
  • [2] University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. (2025, October 21). Life Science Weekly. p 8272.
  • [3] NewsRx. (2025, October 21). University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Reports Findings in Salmonella (Gamma-irradiated Salmonella Gallinarum oral vaccine elicits robust cellular and humoral immune responses in a chicken model).

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